1839 Meyer print SALZBURG, AUSTRIA, #39

Description: Universum06_39 1839 Meyer print SALZBURG, AUSTRIA, #39 Nice print titled Salzburg, from steel engraving with fine detail and clear impression, approx. page size is 25.5 x 19 cm, approx. image size is 15 x 10 cm. Print was published in Germany in Meyer's Universum by Bibliographic Institute Hildburghausen. Salzburg, city, capital of Salzburg Bundesland ("federal state"), north-central Austria. It is situated in a level basin on both sides of the Salzach River near the northern foothills of the Alps and the Bavarian (German) border. It was originally the site of a Celtic settlement and later of the Roman town of Juvavum. By about 696 the Benedictine Abbey of St. Peter and the Nonnberg Nunnery had been founded there by St. Rupert. Salzburg was made a bishopric by St. Boniface in 739 and was raised to an archbishopric in 798. Its archbishops were acknowledged as princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1278, and the city became the seat of their powerful ecclesiastical principality. Among the most notable of the prince-archbishops were Wolfdietrich von Raitenau (reigned 1587-1612), who brought Italian Renaissance architecture and styles to the city; Paris, Graf von Lodron (reigned 1619-53), who founded the city's university; and Leopold Anton von Firmian (reigned 1727-44). A unique combination of scenic Alpine landscape and architectural richness has led to Salzburg's reputation as one of the world's most beautiful cities. Because of the building activities of its later archbishops, little remains of its medieval architecture. Its chief glories are the episcopal buildings and the burghers' houses, displaying an Italian Renaissance and Baroque influence that earned Salzburg the designation of the "German Rome." In the centre of the older town on the left bank of the Salzach is the Residenzplatz with the archbishop's residence (1595-1619). Opposite is the Neugebäude (New Building; 1592-1602), with a carillon in its tower. The cathedral, or Dom, the first church in the Italian style on German soil, was built in 1614-28 on the site of an earlier basilica. Near the Mönchsberg (Monks' Hill), a wooded ridge (1,617 feet [493 m]) overlooking the old town, is the Benedictine Abbey of St. Peter; most of its buildings date from the 17th and 18th centuries, and its church (1130-43) was remodeled in the Rococo style. North of the abbey is the Franciscan church with a nave (1221), a 15th-century Gothic choir, and Baroque chapels. Crowning Monks' Hill are the great fortress of Hohensalzburg (1077; altered to its present form c. 1500), St. George's Church (1501), and the Nonnberg Nunnery. Among landmarks in the newer town (on the right bank of the Salzach) are St. Sebastian's Church (1505-12), with the graves of the wife and father of the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in the churchyard; the Holy Trinity Church (1694-1702); the Mozarteum (1910-14), comprising a music academy, concert halls, and Mozart archives; and Mirabell Castle (1606). On the city outskirts are the Capuchin Friary (1599-1602) and the castles of Leopoldskron (1736) and Hellbrunn (1613-19). The university (1623-1810) was reestablished in 1964. The Kollegien, or University Church (1694-1707), is a Baroque masterpiece of the architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. A music centre for centuries, Salzburg is most famous as the birthplace of Mozart, whose house, No. 9 Getreidegasse, is preserved as a museum, and as the site of the annual Salzburg Festival. There were music festivals in Salzburg at irregular intervals throughout the 19th century, and in 1917 Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Richard Strauss, and Max Reinhardt founded the Festival Theatre Committee, which mounted a festival at Salzburg on an annual basis. The Salzburg Festival now comprises recitals, concerts of orchestral and chamber music, church music, opera, and drama. The music of Mozart dominates the festival. The Festspielhaus (Festival Theatre), converted from the court stables built into the cliff of Monks' Hill, consists of the Rock Riding School (1693), an auditorium for open-air performances; two large indoor opera houses (1926, 1960); and the Winter Riding School, used as a reception hall. Salzburg is the northwestern gateway to Austria and is an important road and rail junction with an international airport at Maxglan. It is one of Austria's chief tourist resorts and an international conference centre. The city has large breweries; its manufactures include musical instruments, hardware, textiles, and leather. Salzburg was the headquarters of the U.S. military forces in Austria from 1945 to 1956. Pop. (1986 est.) 137,833.

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End Time: 2024-12-13T21:23:16.000Z

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